Abstract The meshless element-free Galerkin method (EFGM) is used to solve partial differential equations responsible for obtaining the electromagnetic fields generated by a transmission line. For this purpose, a 2D model based in a real transmission line is constructed and simulated. The results obtained by EFGM have good accuracy and they are compared against analytical solution and Finite Element Method in order to verify the effectiveness, advantages and disadvantages of the method.

Abstract The objective of this work was to evaluate the mechanical properties of porous alumina ceramics, using the rice husk as a porogenic element. The rice husk was milled and graded in two granulometry, <65 μm and 65-150 μm, and added in a high purity calcined alumina in the proportion of 5, 15 and 30 wt%. The samples were pressed by uniaxial pressing and sintered at 1450 ºC for 1 h. Sintered density, total porosity, Young’s modulus, modulus of rupture, and compressive strength were evaluated. Samples were also prepared without the addition of rice husk (RH) in order to compare the properties. Porous ceramics with total porosity ranging from 24% to 54% were produced, and with the composition of 5% RH 65-150 μm, a high porosity value was obtained for a lower loss in mechanical properties.

A tenacidade à fratura, K IC, é uma importante propriedade dos materiais cerâmicos, pois ela mede a resistência ao início da propagação de trinca. O problema é selecionar o método adequado para determinar K IC, já que existem vários, cada um com suas particularidades. Por comodidade, escolhe-se o método da indentação, IF, que apresenta certos inconvenientes, principalmente para cerâmicas porosas, Sendo o método mais adequado, o SEVNB. Nesse trabalho são mostrados resultados de K IC para três materiais: carbeto de silício (SiC), alumina (Al2O3) e um a base de argila, uma telha cerâmica. Os resultados mostraram que os valores de K IC são maiores quando é utilizado o método IF, sendo que quanto mais porosa é a cerâmica mais difícil é a aplicação desse método, e que o método SEVNB, pode ser aplicado com êxito. Os resultados de K IC, medidos pelo método SEVNB são 3,8 MPa.m½, 2,5 MPa.m½ e 0,4 MPa.m½ para SiC, Al2O3 e telha, respectivamente.

Fracture toughness, K IC, which measuresthe resistance tocrack propagation initiation of a pre-cracked body, is oneof the most importantpropertiesof ceramic materials. The main problemis to selectthe most appropriate methodto determinethis property,since there areseveral ones, each of them with its own characteristics. Normally, for convenience, the indentationmethod is chosen. It is the IF (Indentation Fracture) method, which measures the cracksizeat the verticesof the indentation. However, that methodhas many drawbacks, especially ifthe ceramic material isporous, since itisvery difficulttoidentify the extent of the propagated crack. Themost suitable methodformeasuring fracture toughnessis the SEVNB(Single Edge V NotchBeam). This paper describesK ICresultsfor threedifferent materials: silicon carbide, SiC, alumina, Al2O3, and a clay based ceramics, ceramic tile, with distinctporosities.The results indicate that thevalues of K ICare higherwhen theIF method is used, and the moreporous theceramicsis,the more difficult it is to applythis method. On the other hand, the SEVNB method, regardless porosity, can be applied successfully.The K ICvaluesmeasuredby the SEVNBmethodwere3.8 MPa.m½, 2.5 MPa.m½ and0.4 MPa.m½forSiC, Al2O3and ceramic tile, respectively.